Thermodynamic and Kinematic Analysis of Large-Format Dye-Sublimation Heat Presses: Innovations in Pneumatic Multi-Actuator Arrays and Single-Phase Power Optimization Author and Chief Mechanical Designer: Houshang Fanaian Research & Development Division: Barez Rowshan Machinery Manufacturing Abstract In the structural and thermal engineering of industrial dye-sublimation heat press machinery—particularly for large-format applications exceeding $1.5\text{ m}$—the simultaneous attainment of uniform vertical pressure distribution, isothermal boundary stability, and electrical energy efficiency represents a multifaceted engineering challenge. Traditional design paradigms have historically relied on heavy hydraulic circuits and three-phase industrial electrical grids to handle formats up to $150 \times 300\text{ cm}$. Drawing upon over a decade of empirical, field-tested performance data from Barez Rowshan machinery, this…